English HIV (share)

ENGLISH II

ARTICLE OF Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) / AIDS

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BY      :

1.AGUS DIMAN SYAPUTRA

2.DESY AFRIANI

3.IKA NOVRILIANA

4.MARDALENI

5.PATIMAH

LECTURER                 : Wineka Satya,Spd, Mpd

Grade/semester             : II A /III

NURSING ACADEMY

OF PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN

ACADEMY YEARS  2013/2014

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) / AIDS

A.    Definition

AIDS is a chronic life-threatening condition caused by the HIV virus. HIV causes decreases your body's ability to fight viral infections , bacteria and fungi by damaging the immune system. HIV also cause you more susceptible to cancer. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) is a term later stages of HIV infection.

The HIV virus can be transmitted through blood, semen or vaginal fluids into the body. But you will not be infected by casual physical contact, such as hugging, kissing, dancing or shaking hands with someone who is infected with HIV or AIDS. So do not isolate them .

B.     Symptom

Symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary based on the phase of infection.

ü  Initial infection

When HIV infection first , you probably will not experience any signs or symptoms. But within a few weeks you may experience :

·         Fever

·         Headache

·         Sore throat

·         Swollen lymph glands

·         Rash

ü  subsequent infection

You probably will not experience any symptoms within 8 to 9 years , or even more. But along with the viruses that multiply themselves and damage the immune system, you may experience mild infections or chronic symptoms such as :

·         Swollen lymph nodes - often an early sign of HIV

·         Infection

·          Diarrhea

·         Lost weight

·          Fever

·         cough or shortness of breath

ü  final stage Infection

·         In about 10 years or more after the first infection , more serious problems can occur and is termed AIDS and may occur

·         Infection occurs when the immune system is weak , such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP )

·         CD4 lymphocyte levels of 200 or lower - normally between 800 to 1,200

Along with the development of AIDS, your immune system has been severely damaged . Infection will easily occur . Signs and symptoms are :

·         Sweating at night

·         Chills or fever more than 38 Celsius for a few weeks

·         Dry cough and shortness of breath

·         Chronic Diarrhea

·         White spots on the tongue or mouth

·         Headache

·         Blurred vision

·         Lost weigh

You can also experience the signs and symptoms in advanced stages of HIV infection itself, such as :

·         Fatigue that does not go away and unexplainabl

·         Sweating at night

·         Shivering or high fever for several weeks

·         Swollen lymph nodes for more than three months

·         Chronic Diarrhea

·         Headache that does not go away

If you are infected with the HIV virus , you are also more susceptible to cancer, particularly cervical cancer, lymphoma and Kaposi 's sarcoma.

ü  Symptoms of HIV in children

Children with HIV can experience :

·         It's hard to gain weight

·         It is difficult to develop normally

·         It is difficult to walk

·         delay mental development

·         Can ear infections, pneumonia and tonsilis

ü  Causes & Risk Factors

·         Cause

Normally, white blood cells and antibodies attack and destroy organisms that easing into the body . This response is regulated by white blood cells called CD4 lymphocytes. Lymphocytes is also a major target of HIV. Once entered into the body, the virus genetic material memasukkna into lymphocytes and multiply themselves.

When a copy of a new virus out of the stem cells and into the bloodstream, the virus will invade other cells. As the effect of CD4 cells will die. This cycle continues over and over. Eventually cause significant damage to the body's immune system will not mempu against other bacterial and viral infections.

·         Risk factors

AIDS infection risk factors include :

·         Do not wear protection when having sexual intercourse with more than one partner

·         Do not wear protection when having sexual intercourse with HIV-positive people

·         Having other sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea or bacterial vaginosis

·         Alternating in needles

·         Getting a transfusion of HIV infected blood

·         Have a few copies of the gene CCL3L1 that helps fight HIV infection

·         Mothers who have HIV

C.    Prevention

There is no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS. Take care of your health and protect yourself from the risk factors is the best way. If you are HIV negative then the best course of action is :

·         Know what is HIV and how it is transmitted

·         Know the health status of your sexual partners

·         Use a condom every time you have sexual intercourse

·         Consideration to perform male circumcision

·         Use sterile needles

·         Be aware of the blood transfusion

·         Check with your regular health

If you are HIV positive, then you have to protect the people around you with :

·         Perform safe sex with a condom

·         Tell your partner that you have HIV

·         If your partner is pregnant , let them know that you have HIV and do care to maintain their health and their babies

·         Tell the other person that you feel need to know that you have HIV

·         Do not share needles

·         Do not donated blood and organs of your

·         Do not share razors or toothbrushes

·         If you are pregnant, take medical treatment immediately